We can"t call today"s world a safe world. Many dangers come from nature, I mean floods, earthquakes and so on. But people are also dangerous for each other.
Unfortunately, there are some people who don"t stop at anything to achieve their aims. They even think "the more victims the better". Our country was one of the first to have terrorist attacks. I mean the attacks in Moscow when two apartment houses were destroyed. There were acts of terrorism in all parts of the world at the end of the 20th century: in Japan, in England and in France.

But certainly the day that shook the world was the 11th of September 2001. Two American planes had been hijacked by terrorists. The first plan slammed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre. The second crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center. And soon the towers collapsed . It was unbelievable, it was a nightmare. Words fail to describe what I felt when I watched TV: some people jumped out of the windows, others waved their handkerchiefs helplessly. Thousands of people were killed and hundreds of people injured . There also were hundreds of victims in the planes themselves. The acts of mass murder as president Bush said, were intended to frighten the nation. Certainly terrorist attacks shook the foundation of the highest building but they didn"t shake the foundation of America. Though as I think they made the country more aggressive. I mean the war in Iraq. There were many victims there too - peaceful women, old men and children.
Of course, it is necessary to find those who had arranged the terrorist acts in New York. They say that Osama bin Laden had been coordinating terrorist attacks against the USA. If it is true he should be punished. The acts of terrorism show that even strong countries having nuclear weapons are not protected against terrorism.
It seems to me that good people all over the world should join their forces and fight terrorism. Only together we can win. The government of all countries should have special funds for fighting terrorism. Certainly, the police in Western countries and our milicia should work better in order to prevent terrorist attacks. We had a very bad example in Moscow when armed terrorists entered the building where the performance Nord-Ost took place. Many peaceful people suffered. There were more than a hundred victims.
I wish our world were safer and we all felt more protected.

Today"s world is often called the computer world. We cannot imagine our life without computers. The first computers were developed during the Second World War. They were used to break the codes, used to send secret information.

Our world is really a small world. Modern transport facilities make it possible to reach any part of our planet within a few hours. People have to communicate and solve common problems in all the spheres of political life, economy and culture. Communication is an interaction of cultures. The knowledge of each other"s culture and traditions is very often important for successful business and political talks. We, Russians, very often surprise our foreign partners by our behavior and manners.

Unemployment is a very urgent problem today. Years ago when a man left school he learnt some job and did this job all his life. He could be sure that his job would be needed to his dying day. Nowadays he couldn"t be sure. Your work may look like a very good job at present, but it may not be needed in 10 years.

Drugs

Drug addiction is a big problem today. Even 5 years ago this problem did not exist in small towns. We read about drug addicts in the USA and other countries of the West. This problem existed in big cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg. Today different drugs are sold in our city and what is worse they are bought and taken by people, mostly young people. Drugs are ruinous for health and they destroy the personality of those who take them.

I"d like to tell you about my native town. Izhevsk is very large industrial town locted in the European part of Russia between the Volga River and the Ural mountains. It has a population of about 700.000. Izhevsk was founded in l760 as a settlement. The industrial development f the history began with the construction of an iron works. In 1918 Izhevsk became a town and since 1921 it has been the capital of Udmurtia.

Science is finding out about things around us. How do you find out about things? One way is to ask questions about them. But suppose no one knows the answers. Then you have to think of ways to find the answers yourself. This usually means doing something to the «thing» to see what happens. Doing something to see what happens is called experimenting. Scientists ask questions about things around us.

The Udmurt Republic is a sovereign republic within the Russian Federation. It is situated in the Western part of the Middle Urals between two great rivers the Kama and the Vyatka. In 1991 the republic became open for foreign visitors. Since that time Udmurtia has had close and friendly relations with many countries of the world in the fields of culture, education, trade, sport and tourism. The Government of the republic is very much interested in the development of local tourism.

Terrorism as a Global Problem

Controversial issue is a special sphere of education and social life that is necessary for our intellectual development. It gives us a possibility to get acquainted with significant problems of the modern world and even help to solve them. The number of problems such as international terrorism, discrimination, religion and science conflicts, nuclear weapons and others are of crucial importance and their solution is necessary to preserve the national policy.

Terrorism is the global problem nowadays that endanger life of every person on the earth. The primary purpose of all governments should encourage and enable people to join their forces against terrorism and win it by common efforts . The government should recognize the paramount importance of this problem and the political activity should be subservient to that major consideration.

To solve the problem of global terrorism, we must try to find the roots of it, to analyze the actions of countries taken against terrorism, social attitude to this phenomenon. I would say that current policy isn’t able not just to stop the march of terrorism but even to miniaturize it. Mass media leads active struggle against terrorism but very often this process isn’t connected with definite well-known terrorists. They blame whole nations without any division. The consequences of such actions are predictable: people begin to hate not terrorists as a whole but correlate terrorists with definite nationalities, Arabic, for example. Terrorism as a national phenomenon is a great problem and its understanding can help us to find the way out.

Terrorism needs serious and responsible public attitude, but sometimes hiding after the generous aims of the liquidation of terrorism, politicians limited civil liberties of some nationalities. Internet sites and mass media can abuse position of some social and ethnic groups and give false information about them.

All these and many other facts only promote terrorism. Aggressive attitude to the Arabic people and their religion causes fits of anger in Arabic countries and can even lead to acts of terrorism. To avoid these national hatred we must get aquatinted with Arabic culture, traditions and religion, to understand that not all people in these countries support terrorism and that their religion doesn’t propagate to kill people of other religions. So, the first step is to take under rigid control mass media and Internet. Information about terrorism and terrorists must be objective and factual. Real facts are necessary for the correct understanding of the situation. Then it’s necessary to give children and teenagers the real facts as they represent the future generation to rule the country. Subjective understanding of the matter should be minimized as subjective opinion causes emotional reaction while to solve this problem we must be guided only by common sense.

The knowing of the definition of terrorism is necessary to take strong measures to overcome this global trouble. The definition is rather controversial and that is why very often its different interpretations can be used in the own interests of some individuals. As a whole terrorism means aggressive actions with the use of violence against ordinary civilians aimed to intimidate politicians. Term “terrorism” is often used to show that the actions taken by a group of people are violent, unlawful and immoral.

The official beginning of terrorism is connected with the 19th century, although violent aggressive actions of certain groups of people were noticed much earlier. The term appeared for the first time during the Reign of Terror (1793-1794). In 1867 the Iris Republic Brotherhood attacked England and after then acts of terror have become recurrent phenomena.

The victims by the year 1985 counted 816 people, in 2001 the number of deaths rose to 3,295 because of the attacks on the 11th of September, 2001. More than 1,000 people died because of acts of terror in 2003.

The answer to the events of September 11, 2001 was the so-called “War on terror” proclaimed by George W. Bush. The main aim of which was to unit huge number of people and stop acts of terror not just in the USA but al over the world. However, to exterminate the evil by another evil is impossible, and taking united aggressive actions against acts of terror can do noting. "The word terror activates your fear. The war on terror is not about stopping you from being afraid, it "s about making you afraid.". Another point of view says that: "Reviewing the background to US sponsored Argentinian and Israeli terrorism reveals how the fictional "war on terror" is just another pretext for the pillage of Latin America by the US government and its favoured multinational corporations.".

Aiming to get rid of terrorism, the war just lighted the fire of hatred between different nationalities. Former Australian minister, Gareth Evans so voices his concerns: "The unhappy truth is that the net result of the war on terror, so far at least, has been more war and more terror".

To blame Islam in the existence of terrorism and to consider all Arabic people terrorists is silly and nonsensical. The name Islam means “peace” translated from the Arabic language. Examining Arabic Belief system we find that aggressive actions have no place in it. To take a life that Allah gave a trust to the human is a great sin in the Islamic world. Suicide bombing, which takes people’s lives is forbidden:"...If anyone killed a person not in retaliation for murder or to spread mischief in the land, it would be as if he killed the whole of mankind. And (likewise) if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the whole of mankind"

Terrorism being a global problem needs special attention and careful attitude. Exploring the roots of this phenomenon is necessary to find ways out. A special organization must be created. It’s main aim would be to inform population about all acts of terror, to make them aquatinted with Arabic and other cultures whose representatives have been terrorists, to get rid of national hatred. This organization would spend special meetings in colleges, universities and at schools where global problems could be discussed. It would form objective independent opinion that would help people to get together and overcome this trouble that endanger all lives.

While the military power still retains significance in relations among states, an ever greater role is being played by economic, political, scientific and technological, ecological, and information factors. As the main components of a national power of a state are its intellectual, information and communications capabilities, the well-being and education level of the population, the degree of combining of scientific and production resources, and concentration of financial capital and diversification of economic ties. A lot of states are set on trade market methods of managing the economy and democratic values. The major breakthrough in a number of key areas of scientific and technological progress leading to the formation of worldwide information environment. The deepening and diversification of international economic leads to interdependence of states.

At the same time, new challenges and threats are emerging in the international sphere:

· There is a growing trend towards the establishment of a unipolar structure of the world with the economic and power domination of the United States.

· In solving principal questions of international security, the stakes are being placed on western institutions and on weakening the role of the U.N. Security Council.

· Globalization of the world economy gives rise to new dangers, especially for economically weak states, and increases the probability of large-scale financial and economic crises. There is a growing risk of dependence of the economic system and information environment on outside impact;

· There is an intensification of the role of international institutions and mechanisms in world economics and politics ("Group of 8", the IMF, the World Bank and others).

· Integrated associations are acquiring an ever greater importance in the world economy, and are becoming a significant factor of regional and sub-regional security and peacemaking. Attempts to belittle the role of a sovereign state as the fundamental element of international relations generate a threat of interference in internal affairs.

· The problem of proliferation of the weapons of mass destruction and means of their delivery is acquiring serious dimensions. Unregulated or potential regional and local armed conflicts are threat to international peace and security.

· The growth of international terrorism, transnational organized crime, as well as illegal trafficking in drugs and weapons are beginning to influence on global and regional stability.

INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM is the Activities that involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of any State; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping; and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S., or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished

Effects of Illegal Drug Trade on Societies

The countries of illegal drug production, which are usually developing countries, have been seen as the worst affected by global drug trade. The youth of countries like Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, where drugs like heroin are produced, see drugs as a point of contact with the West. To them the use of drugs represents modernity and is associated with the glitz and glam of developed nations, such as fancy cars and big houses. The drugs are seen as a doorway to a better life; while in reality drugs produce long term consequences and problems in societies, such as health problems (spread of HIV/AIDS), and further socio-economic and political instability.

Unfortunately drug abuse often affects the youth turning a source of vibrant productivity into a burden on society. Many countries in the developing world have large numbers of homeless children, this is a result of widespread poverty, urban migration, and breakdowns in the social service sector following structural adjustments. In large Indian cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, and New Delhi it is estimated that there are over 100,000 street children, many of whom are involved in drug use. In recent years, similar patterns have developed in Southeast Asia and Cambodia. Laos and Vietnam now have “substantial populations of street children consuming drugs, living precariously with little or no family support or guardians”. These homeless children receive no education or training that would allow them to participate in national development.

Nuclear proliferation is a term now used to describe the spread of nuclear weapons, fissile material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information, to nations which are not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons, the governments of which fear that more countries with nuclear weapons may increase the possibility of nuclear warfare, de-stabilize international or regional relations, or infringe upon the national sovereignty of states.

Four nations, none of which signed or ratified the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, have acquired, or are presumed to have acquired, nuclear weapons: India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel. One critique of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty is that it is discriminatory in recognizing the as nuclear weapon states only those counties that tested nuclear weapons before 1968 and requiring all other states joining the treaty to forswear nuclear weapons.

The world order of the XXI century must be based on mechanisms of collective resolution of key problems, on the priority of law and broad democratization of international relations.

Resulting “War on Terror”

The terrible events of September 11 saw the considerable quieting of what was until then growing domestic and international criticism of the Bush Administration. The September 11 events resulted in a “war on terror” which saw support for Bush and his popularity soar at the time.

Up to September 11, 2001, the Bush administration was being criticized around the world for its stances on various issues domestically and internationally. Even European and other allies were very critical of positions on numerous global issues.

But even before the Bush Administration, throughout the world, many nations and groups of people had expressed their frustrations at how U.S. foreign policies had affected them on all sorts of issues, ranging from economic/globalization issues that have deepened poverty and/or inequality for most people around the world; geopolitics/arms/missile defense; environmental issues and so on. Protests either directly, or indirectly at U.S. policies have occurred all around the world-especially on globalization issues-as mentioned on this web site. (See the section on global protests for more on that, for example).

Yet that cannot be an excuse for the atrocity of September 11 as it killed many innocent people. At the same time, people have correctly pointed out that when other regions around the world have faced similar terrorist attacks, the outpouring of concern and condemnation has not been as much. The Washington Post (September 12, 2001) even dared to admit this at such a sensative time shortly after the attacks. (Their article is no longer online.)

However, behind the unity of the American people in the shock of September 11, a heightened sense of security has resulted with concerns reverberating throughout the world, which of course affects all citizens. Many are concerned about the crackdown of freedoms and civil liberties in various nations that has resulted because of this. Many are concerned that various countries around the world can also use this “war on terror” as an excuse to pursue more aggressive options or other policies that affect the rights of citizens.

For example, consider the concerns Amnesty International raised in October 2001, shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks: “In the name of fighting ‘international terrorism’, governments have rushed to introduce draconian new measures that threaten the human rights of their own citizens, immigrants and refugees…. Governments have a responsibility to ensure the safety of their citizens, but measures taken must not undermine fundamental human rights standards. It appears that some of the initiatives currently being discussed or implemented may be used to curb basic human rights and to suppress internal opposition. Some of the definitions of ‘terrorism’ under discussion are so broad that they could be used to criminalize anyone out of favour with those in power and criminalize legitimate peaceful exercise of the right to freedom of expression and association. They could also put at risk the right to privacy and threaten the rights of minorities and asylum-seekers.”

In May 2003, Amnesty International charged, “The ‘war on terror’, far from making the world a safer place, has made it more dangerous by curtailing human rights, undermining the rule of international law and shielding governments from scrutiny. It has deepened divisions among people of different faiths and origins, sowing the seeds for more conflict. The overwhelming impact of all this is genuine fear-among the affluent as well as the poor.”

Terrorism Essay, Research Paper

Why do people resort to such violent acts as bombing, assassinations, and hi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? These acts can be described as terrorist actions. Terrorism is a growing international problem and an excellent example of the strain theory. People feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals (Kendall, 1998) and so turn to acts of terrorism. During the last twenty years, new terrorist groups have sprung up al lover the world. Governments have had little success in their attempts to resolve issues in which terrorism is used.

A major problem in discussing terrorism is establishing a generally accepted definition. Terrorism can be described as the unlawful use of fear or force to achieve certain political, economical, or social aims. Because it is so hard to define, organizations like the United Nations have had great difficulty drawing up policies against terrorism.

A single individual, a certain group, or even governments may commit terrorist actions. Most terrorists, unlike criminals, claim to be dedicated to higher causes, and do not believe in personal gain. The methods used in terrorism include threats, bombings, and the destruction of property, kidnapping, the taking of hostages, executions, and assassinations.

There are many reasons why political groups attempt to bring about radical change through terrorism. People are often frustrated with their position in society. They may in some way feel persecuted or oppressed because or their race, religion, or they feel exploited by a government. Any group that uses terrorist actions have very complex and powerful reasons to engage in those activities.

The use of terror to achieve goals is not a new idea in history. One early terrorist group, the assassins, flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The assassins used murder to dispose of their enemies, and their name has come to be used for one who kills for political or religious reasons. Government terrorism dates at least from immediately after the French Revolution, in 1789. During this period, known as the “Reign of Terror,” the French Revolutionary executed thousands of its citizens who were considered enemies of its rule.

Individuals or groups who seek national independence have committed acts of terrorism. One such act was the assassination of the archduke of France in 1914 (Compton s Encyclopedia, 1998). The assassination had sought to win Bosnia form Austrian rule, but failed and led to the outbreak of World War I.

Kings and government officials are often the targets of terrorism. Members of a terrorist group that wanted to overthrow the government assassinated Czar Alexander of Russia in 1881. Other famous people who were assassinated because of their beliefs were Martin Luther King Jr., and Pope John Paul II, who was shot, but survived.

While many groups have engaged in terrorism throughout history, the Anarchist political groups in the 19th century are most remembered. These groups were especially strong in Italy, France, Spain, and the United Sates, but their roots lie within the Russian peoples will movement. Anarchists believe that by nature people are good, and that in the right circumstances people can leave in peace. They oppose all centralized state and think it is an oppressive force that prevents people from cooperating with one another.

Modern Terrorism retains some elements of terrorism in the past. At the same time it differs because it has a wider extent in many of its methods. Today, terrorism poses a threat to innocent people, and is a serious threat to democratic forms of government.

One of the characteristics of modern terrorists is their practice of taking hostages in order to force their demands upon a particular government. If demands are not met, the hostages face the threat of death. Hi-jacking commercial airlines and holding their passengers and crews hostage has become a favored method among terrorist today.

Many people believe that terrorism became global in its extent in the late 1960 s. In 1970 over 300 acts of terrorism were recorded worldwide. By 1979the number of terrorist incidents for one year increased to 3,700.

Politically unstable countries offer frequent opportunities for terrorism. Lebanon, which has been torn by years of Civil War, has been the sight of numerous terrorist attacks.

In addition to terrorist groups, governments today also engage in terrorism. Countries sometimes use terrorism as a substitute for traditional warfare by providing money, training, and weapons to terrorist groups whose activities serve their national aims. Governments may also plan and carry out terrorist actions themselves, although they usually deny responsibility for them.

It is unlikely that we will ever see and end to terrorism. Terrorists are not born, but created by issues of today develop into the conflicts of tomorrow.

Класс: 9

Тип: обобщение и систематизация знаний учащихся по данной тематике.

Форма проведения: проблемно-поисковая деятельность.

Форма урока: урок-поиск.

Методы: поисковый, исследовательский, репродуктивный.

Цель урока: создать условия для развития коммуникативной культуры и социально-культурной образованности учащихся через проблемное обучение.

Задачи.

Учебные: формирование лексической базы по теме “Терроризм”, обучение устной речи, совершенствование навыков чтения, аудирования.

Развивающие: развитие личностных и коммуникативных умений через создание проблемных ситуаций, исследовательскую деятельность; развитие познавательного интереса учащихся, повышение мотивации к изучению иностранного языка.

Воспитательные: обеспечить стимулирование речемыслительной и социальной активности учащихся; воспитывать ответственность к своей жизни и жизни окружающих.

Оснащение урока: мультимедийное оборудование, ресурсы интернет, раздаточный материал.

Ход урока

I. Организационный моментs

Good morning, boys and girls! I’m very glad to see you. I hope you are OK.

II. Объявление цели урока

Today we will talk about one of the most serious problems of our modern world. Look at the screen, do this puzzle and you’ll know the topic of our lesson. (Слайд 2). Презентация

Задание к кроссворду.

1. Fight – a situation in which two people or groups push, hit etc. each other.
2. Alert
– a warning to be ready for possible danger.
3. Crime
– an act harmful not only to some individual, but also to the community or the state. Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.
4. Robbery
– the crime of stealing money or things from a bank, shop etc., specially using violence.
5. Catastrophe
– a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death.
6. Government
– the group of people who govern a country or state.
7. Bullies
– people who use their strength or power to frighten o hurt someone who is weaker.
8. Organisation
– a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose (e.g. UNESCO, UNICEF).
9. Victim
– someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered.

So, as you see, the topic of our lesson is “Terrorism”.

III. Речевая разминка

Before we start our conversation, let’s look through the words and phrases that can help us for our discussion. (Хоровая отработка нового лексического материала). (Слайд 3)

1) The steel of the nation’s resolve – твердая решимость, непоколебимость нации.

2) A casualty – несчастный случай, катастрофа.

3) Crash sites – места катастроф.

4) A wide-broadcast – расширенный выпуск телепередач.

5) To make no distinction between – не делать различия между.

6) To harbour sb – давать приют, укрывать кого-либо.

7) To apprehend sb – арестовать, задержать кого-либо

8) Hideous – отвратительный, страшный, ужасный.

9) To tolerate – терпеть.

10) To expend every effort – не жалеть сил.

Now translate the sentences with these words and phrases from English into Russian. (Слайд 4)

1) President Bush says Tuesday’s terrorist attacks in the USA will be met with the steel of the nation’s resolve .

2) The casualty toll from the Tuesday’s attacks rises rapidly as reports are coming from the crash sites .

3) In the nation’s wide-broadcast from the White House late Tuesday Mr. Bush said that the US government continues to function without interruption.

4) He also warned that the USA make no distinction between the terrorists and those who harbour them.

5) The USA top law enforcement official said every effort be made to apprehend those responsible for the deadly attack.

6) These hideous acts of violence are an assault on the security of our nation.

7) We will not tolerate such acts.

8) We will expend every effort and devote all the necessary resources to bring the people responsible for these acts, these crimes to justice.

Try to use these words and word-combinations in our discussion today.

IV. Развитие умений аудирования, устной речи

Let’s watch a video about awful events which happened on September 11, 2001 in the USA. (Видеозапись выпуска новостей BBC)

What feelings and emotions does this record arise?

V. Активизация лексико-грамматического материала

Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. (Раздаточный материал)

1) It happened all of a … on September 11, 2001 in the USA. Suddenly

2) That was how the twin-towers of the world Trade Centre in New York used to look like before the … disaster. Expect

3) A suicide plane has just crashed into the … skyscraper. One

4) Another plane is just about to attack the second high-rise … . Build

5) The U.S.A. President George Bush vows to track down and bring to justice all those … for the terrorist atrocities. Response

6) Terribly shocked, … are hurriedly leaving the scene of the unthinkable horror of all time. Employ

7) People the world over are … watching the incredible events happening in America on TV. Believe

(Keys: 1) sudden, 2) unexpected, 3) first, 4) building, 5) responsible, 6) employees, 7) unbelievably)

Учащиеся выполняют данное задание самостоятельно. Правильные ответы представлены на экране. (Слайд 5)

VI. Развитие навыков чтения и устной речи

Now let’s read the text and get ready to answer the questions. (Раздаточный материл)

Terrorism is a criminal act that influences an audience beyond the immediate victim. The strategy of terrorists is to commit acts of violence that draws the attention of the local populace, the government, and the world to their cause. The terrorists plan their attack to obtain the greatest publicity, choosing targets that symbolize what they oppose. The effectiveness of the terrorist act lies not in the act itself, but in the public’s or government’s reaction to the act. For example, in 1972 at the Munich Olympics, the Black September Organization killed 11 Israelis. The Israelis were the immediate victims. But the true target was the estimated 1 billion people watching the televised event. Those billion people watching were to be introduced to fear - which is terrorism"s ultimate goal.

The Black September Organization used the high visibility of the Munich Olympics to publicize its views on the plight of the Palestinian refugees. Similarly, in October 1983, Middle Eastern terrorists bombed the Marine Battalion Landing Team Headquarters at Beirut International Airport. Their immediate victims were the 241 U.S. military personnel who were killed and over 100 others who were wounded. Their true target was the American people and the U.S. Congress. Their one act of violence influenced the United States’ decision to withdraw the Marines from Beirut and was therefore considered a terrorist success.

There are three perspectives of terrorism: the terrorist’s, the victim’s, and the general public’s. The phrase “one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter” is a view terrorists themselves would gladly accept. Terrorists do not see themselves as evil. They believe they are legitimate combatants, fighting for what they believe in, by whatever means possible to attain their goals. A victim of a terrorist act sees the terrorist as a criminal with no regard for human life. The general public’s view though can be the most unstable. The terrorists take great pains to foster a “Robin Hood” image in hope of swaying the general public’s point of view toward their cause. This sympathetic view of terrorism has become an integral part of their psychological warfare and has been countered vigorously by governments, the media and other organizations.

Questions: (Слайд 6)

1. What is terrorism?
2. What is the strategy of terrorists?
3. What does the effectiveness of the terrorist act lie?
4. What are the perspectives of terrorism?
5. How do terrorists see themselves?
6. Can you give the examples of the most famous incidents? (Cлайды 7-15)

VII. Развитие навыков монологической речи

Let’s divide into 3 groups and try to find out what we should do to prevent terrorism. (Учащиеся работают в группах, затем спикер каждой группы зачитывает способы борьбы с терроризмом. Учащиеся также могут проявить свои творческие способности, создав плакаты по теме “Борьба с терроризмом”)

VIII. Рефлексия

That brings us to the end. Today we have talked a lot about terrorism. Unfortunately, this problem has turned into one of the most dangerous social-political problems.

Let’s recollect our knowledge. (Данная информация представлена на экране)

1) What is terrorism? (Слайд 16)

Terrorism is the systematic use of violence (terror) as a means of coercion for political purposes. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror); are perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants (civilians). Some definitions now include acts of unlawful violence and war.

2) What are the causes of terrorism? (Слайд 17)

There Are Two Causes of Terrorism

All terrorist acts are motivated by two things:

• Social and political injustice: People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong-when they have been stripped of their land or rights, or denied these.
• The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and usher in change. Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they chose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had no choice.

This explanation of the causes of terrorism may be difficult to swallow. It sounds too simple, or too theoretical. However, if you look at any group that is widely understood as a terrorist group, you will find these two elements are basic to their story.

Also, I’d like to remember some rules which help you save your and other people’s lives: (Cлайд 18)

1) When you see ownerless things in different places, you must inform the police.

2) Don’t touch the ownerless things.

3) Don’t open them.

4) Don’t move them.

5) If you became a hostage, you must obey all terrorists’ demands.

6) Try to find a safety place.

7) Don’t look at terrorists’ eyes.

8) Speak briefly and quietly.

9) Don’t show unnecessary heroism.

IX. Итог урока

Thank you for your work. I hope our lesson will be useful for you. We have to know how to behave ourselves not to lose our temper.

X. Объявление домашнего задания

Imagine that you are involved in the situation given below and it is your decision that counts. What would you do? Write the composition (80-100 words).

Your country (city) has become a victim of a terrorist attack. What would you do?

XI. Список использованных источников

1. Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В. Учебник для 9 класса школ с углубленным изучением английского языка.
2. Интернет ресурсы (сайты).
3. Longman. Dictionary of contemporary English.

There are many problems in our world and people suffer a lot because of them. Some of these problems are created by people, some of them happen because of the nature. Terrorism is one of the most important problems nowadays.

If you ask any child at school or even in kindergarten, they have already known the meaning of this word. Terrorist is a person who uses violence against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. If you have ever watched the news or other programs on TV, if you use internet and read articles sometime, you have sure heard about different cases that happened around the world. The government doesn’t really want to say, that some catastrophe or problem have happened because of terrorism. But most of the times terrorists don’t want to hide and they are ready to do everything to achieve their goals.

There is a famous organization OSCE that tries to manage with this problem all around the world. All countries are participants. I think in this situation, there is no “your problem” or “my problem”. There is our problem and we must stop or at least prevent these cases. OSCE fights with terrorism because it’s a serious crime and it doesn’t have any justification. I do believe that any problem can be solved in piece with only conversation.

I am far away from politics and still don’t understand many things, but I am sure any kind of violence is not good.

In general I think people which ready to become terrorists, they are mentally sick. I read in internet that many killers and terrorists can not manage with their psyche and they start to kill.

Not only organizations in the world, but also ordinary people have to be attentive. Unfortunately terrorism has still many supporters and any accident can happen. One explosion in the building or on the railway station, broken bus, poisoned gas and many other things. But if we are more careful and attentive, we can prevent these accidents or at least some of them.

Терроризм

В нашем мире есть много проблем и люди очень страдают из-за них. Некоторые из этих проблем созданы людьми, а что-то происходит из-за матушки-природы. Терроризм одна из самых больших проблем сегодня. Если вы спросите любого ребёнка в школе или даже в детском саду, они уже знают значение слова «террорист».

Террорист - это человек, который использует насилие против мирных жителей в политических целях. Если вы когда-либо смотрели новости или другие программы по ТВ, читали статьи в интернете, то наверняка слышали о разных происшествиях по всему миру. Правительство не всегда хочет говорить людям, что какая-то катастрофа произошла из-за террористов. Но в большинстве случаев они (террористы) не прячутся и готовы сделать все, чтобы добиться своей цели.

Есть известная организация ОБСЕ, которая пытается бороться с этой проблемой во всем мире. Все страны ее участники. Мне кажется, в этой ситуации нет «твоей проблемы» или «моей проблемы». Есть только «наша проблема» и мы должны сделать все, чтобы остановить это или хотя бы предотвратить. ОБСЕ борется с терроризмом, потому что это серьезное преступление и нет здесь никаких оправданий. Я верю, что любую ситуацию можно решить мирно ведя беседу.

Я далека от политики и не понимаю многих вещей, но уверена, что любой вид насилия - это плохо.

Вообще я считаю, люди, которые готовы стать террористами, больны ментально. Я читала в интернете, что многие убийцы и террористы не могут совладать со своей психикой и начинают убивать.

И не только организации в мире, но и обычные люди должны быть внимательными. К сожалению, у терроризма до сих пор множество сторонников и разное может случится: взрыв здания или станции, сломанный автобус, отравляющий газ и так далее. Но если мы будет внимательными и осторожными, мы сможем предотвратить эти несчастья или, хотя бы, некоторые из них.